What is the purpose of 'terrain analysis' in military planning?

The purpose of terrain analysis in military planning is fundamentally to evaluate the effects of terrain on military operations. Understanding the terrain allows military planners and commanders to make informed decisions regarding troop movement, positioning, and tactics. Different types of terrain can drastically affect visibility, mobility, cover, and concealment, which are all critical factors in operational success. For example, mountainous terrain may limit vehicle access but provide advantageous high ground for observation, while urban environments present unique challenges for maneuvering and targeting.

In essence, terrain analysis enables military forces to capitalize on the natural features of the battlefield, ensuring that strategies are effectively aligned with the landscape. This analysis also informs the selection of engagement strategies, logistics planning, and risk assessment, thus enhancing overall mission effectiveness.