What military concept can prevent aggression through the assessment of an opponent’s capabilities?

The concept that can prevent aggression by assessing an opponent’s capabilities is deterrence. Deterrence relies on the idea that a potential aggressor will be dissuaded from engaging in hostile actions due to the credible threat of significant consequences, such as military retaliation or other forms of punishment. By understanding and analyzing an enemy's capabilities, a nation can tailor its own military posture and strategy to maintain a credible deterrent, thereby reducing the likelihood of conflict.

This approach hinges on the belief that when an adversary knows that aggressive actions will lead to unacceptable outcomes, they are less likely to pursue such actions. Deterrence can be achieved through various means, such as demonstrating military strength, establishing alliances, and effective communication regarding the potential repercussions of aggression.